diff --git a/focker/bootstrap.py b/focker/bootstrap.py
index bb79077..58c5400 100644
--- a/focker/bootstrap.py
+++ b/focker/bootstrap.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def command_bootstrap(args):
     name = find_prefix(poolname + '/focker/images/', sha256)
     subprocess.check_output(['zfs', 'create', '-o', 'focker:sha256=' + sha256, name])
     zfs_tag(name, tags)
-    if not args.dry_run:
+    if not args.empty:
         res = subprocess.run(['bsdinstall', 'jail', zfs_mountpoint(name)])
         if res.returncode != 0:
             zfs_run(['zfs', 'destroy', '-r', '-f', name])
diff --git a/focker/focker.py b/focker/focker.py
index f335316..7b3af25 100644
--- a/focker/focker.py
+++ b/focker/focker.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def create_parser():
     parser = ListForwarder([subparsers_top.add_parser(cmd) for cmd in ['bootstrap', 'boot', 'bs']])
     parser.set_defaults(func=command_bootstrap)
     parser.add_argument('--tags', '-t', type=str, nargs='+', default=None)
-    parser.add_argument('--dry-run', '-d', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument('--empty', '-e', action='store_true')
 
     # image
     subparsers = ListForwarder([ subparsers_top.add_parser(cmd).add_subparsers(dest='L2_command') \
diff --git a/tests/test_bootstrap.py b/tests/test_bootstrap.py
index a35c71c..5e546e3 100644
--- a/tests/test_bootstrap.py
+++ b/tests/test_bootstrap.py
@@ -2,11 +2,31 @@ import subprocess
 from focker.zfs import *
 import re
 import os
+from focker.bootstrap import command_bootstrap
+from focker.misc import focker_unlock
 
 
-def test_bootstrap():
+def test_bootstrap_01():
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '--tags', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '--tags', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
+    name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-focker-bootstrap', focker_type='image')
+    basename = os.path.basename(name)
+    assert 7 <= len(basename) <= 64
+    assert re.search('[a-f]', basename[:7])
+    assert len(sha256) == 64
+    assert basename == sha256[:len(basename)]
+    assert zfs_exists_snapshot_sha256(sha256)
+    assert zfs_parse_output(['zfs', 'get', '-H', 'rdonly', name])[0][2] == 'on'
+    subprocess.check_output(['zfs', 'destroy', '-r', '-f', name])
+
+
+def test_bootstrap_02():
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
+    args = lambda: 0
+    args.empty = True
+    args.tags = ['test-focker-bootstrap']
+    command_bootstrap(args)
+    focker_unlock()
     name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-focker-bootstrap', focker_type='image')
     basename = os.path.basename(name)
     assert 7 <= len(basename) <= 64
diff --git a/tests/test_compose.py b/tests/test_compose.py
index 7313389..07f6962 100644
--- a/tests/test_compose.py
+++ b/tests/test_compose.py
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def test_build_volumes():
 
 def test_build_images():
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '--tags', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '--tags', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', 'test-build-images'])
     with TemporaryDirectory() as d:
         with open(os.path.join(d, 'Fockerfile'), 'w') as f:
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def test_build_jails():
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'jail', 'remove', '--force', 'test-build-jails-A'])
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'jail', 'remove', '--force', 'test-build-jails-B'])
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-focker-bootstrap'])
     spec = {
         'test-build-jails-A': {
             'image': 'test-focker-bootstrap',
diff --git a/tests/test_focker.py b/tests/test_focker.py
index 949465c..fdfcd29 100644
--- a/tests/test_focker.py
+++ b/tests/test_focker.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import pytest
 def test_parser_bootstrap():
     parser = create_parser()
 
-    args = parser.parse_args(['bootstrap', '--dry-run', '--tags', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
+    args = parser.parse_args(['bootstrap', '--empty', '--tags', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
     assert args.func == command_bootstrap
     assert args.tags == ['a', 'b', 'c']
-    assert args.dry_run
+    assert args.empty
 
 
 def test_parser_image():
diff --git a/tests/test_image.py b/tests/test_image.py
index 4769571..6758e0d 100644
--- a/tests/test_image.py
+++ b/tests/test_image.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_validate_spec_04():
 def test_build_squeeze(monkeypatch):
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
     spec = dict(base='test-build-squeeze-base', steps=[
         dict(copy=['/etc/localtime', '/etc/localtime']),
         dict(copy=['/etc/hosts', '/etc/hosts'])
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def test_build_squeeze(monkeypatch):
 def test_build(monkeypatch):
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-build-squeeze-base'])
     spec = dict(base='test-build-squeeze-base', steps=[
         dict(copy=['/etc/localtime', '/etc/localtime']),
         dict(copy=['/etc/hosts', '/etc/hosts'])
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def test_build(monkeypatch):
 def test_command_image_build():
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-build-base'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-build-base'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-build-base'])
 
     with TemporaryDirectory() as d:
         args = lambda: 0
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def test_command_image_build():
 def test_command_image_tag():
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-tag'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-tag'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-tag'])
     name_1, sha256_1 = zfs_find('test-command-image-tag', focker_type='image')
     args = lambda: 0
     args.reference = sha256_1
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def test_command_image_tag():
 def test_command_image_untag():
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-untag'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-untag', 'test-command-image-untag-1', 'test-command-image-untag-2'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-untag', 'test-command-image-untag-1', 'test-command-image-untag-2'])
     name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-command-image-untag', focker_type='image')
     args = lambda: 0
     args.tags = ['test-command-image-untag-1', 'test-command-image-untag-2']
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def test_command_image_untag():
 def test_command_image_list(monkeypatch):
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-list'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-list', 'test-command-image-list-1', 'test-command-image-list-2'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-list', 'test-command-image-list-1', 'test-command-image-list-2'])
     name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-command-image-list', focker_type='image')
     args = lambda: 0
     args.tagged_only = True
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def test_command_image_list(monkeypatch):
 def test_command_image_prune():
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-prune'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-prune'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-prune'])
     name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-command-image-prune', focker_type='image')
     mountpoint = zfs_mountpoint(name)
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'untag', 'test-command-image-prune'])
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def test_command_image_prune():
 def test_command_image_remove():
     focker_unlock()
     subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'image', 'remove', '--force', '-R', 'test-command-image-remove'])
-    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--dry-run', '-t', 'test-command-image-remove'])
+    subprocess.check_output(['focker', 'bootstrap', '--empty', '-t', 'test-command-image-remove'])
     name, sha256 = zfs_find('test-command-image-remove', focker_type='image')
     mountpoint = zfs_mountpoint(name)
     args = lambda: 0